如何提升企业的短期绩效和长期绩效一直是国内外学术界的研究热点。本文以双元创新为中介变量,通过理论分析和实证研究,深入探讨了动态环境下智力资本三个维度对企业短期财务绩效和长期竞争优势(反映长期绩效)的内在作用机制。研究结果表明：人力资本和结构资本只对利用式创新有显著正向影响,社会资本对利用式创新和探索式创新都有显著正向影响；利用式创新对短期财务绩效有显著正向影响,对长期竞争优势有间接影响；探索式创新对长期竞争优势有显著正向影响；利用式创新在智力资本的三个维度与短期财务绩效之间具有完全中介作用；探索式创新在社会资本与长期竞争优势之间具有部分中介作用。环境动态性正向调节探索式创新与长期竞争优势之间的关系,负向调节利用式创新与短期财务绩效之间的关系。

How to improve enterprise"s short-term performance and long-term performance has been the research focus at home and abroad. Taking ambidextrous innovation as the intermediary variable, this paper thoroughly discusses the internal mechanism of the three dimensions of enterprise intellectual capital to short-term financial performance and long-term competitive advantage in dynamic environments. The results show that human capital, structural capital and social capital have a significant positive effect on exploitative innovation, while only social capital has a significant positive influence on exploratory innovation. Exploitative innovation has a significant positive influence on short-term financial performance and has an indirect effects on long-term competitive advantage. Exploratory innovation has a significant positive effect on long-term competitive advantage. Exploitative innovation has a complete mediation effect between human capital, structural capital, social capital and short-term financial performance. Exploratory innovation plays as a partial intermediary role between social capital and long-term competitive advantage. Environmental dynamism is found to have a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between exploratory innovation and long-term competitive advantage, and a negative moderating effect on the relationship between exploitative innovation and short-term financial performance.

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江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目“江苏战略性新兴产业突破性技术创新路径选择研究”（2015SJD037）、江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究重点项目“江苏高新技术企业突破性创新能力的现状分析与发展对策”（2014ZDIXM009）