分析“一带一路”沿线国家R&D投入现状,运用DEA-Malmquist指数法测度其中23个国家的R&D效率,并深入剖析R&D效率变化的动因。结果表明：中国等9个国家R&D效率呈提高态势,马来西亚等14个国家R&D效率呈下降态势；各个国家R&D效率存在的问题有所差异；R&D效率的变化主要是受技术效率变化的影响,而技术效率的变化受纯技术效率变化和规模效率变化的共同影响,且后者影响更大。根据研究结果,提出加快提升“一带一路”沿线国家R&D效率的对策建议。

The R&D input actuality of countries along the Belt and Road is analysed, and the R&D efficiency of 23 countries of them is measured using DEA-Malmquist index method, then the reason of the change of R&D efficiency is deeply analyzed. Results show that the R&D efficiency of China and eight other countries has an increase trend, and the R&D efficiency of Malaysia and thirteen other countries has a decrease trend; the problems of R&D efficiency in various countries are different; the change of R&D efficiency is mainly affected by the change of technical efficiency, while the change of technical efficiency is common influenced by the change of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency and the latter has greater effect. Based on the results, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the R&D efficiency of countries along the Belt and Road.

江苏统计应用研究基地项目“R&D统计理论与方法应用研究”(2012012-3)；江苏省企业创新调查课题(201502)。