系统介绍了水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（以下简称“水专项”）组织实施的现状；从项目管理机制、监督机制、考核激励机制等方面剖析了水专项行政管理组织实施存在的问题；从技术组织、技术突破、技术成果转化等方面剖析了水专项技术管理组织实施存在的问题；针对水专项组织实施管理体制提出了优化建议：从行政管理层面：（1）明确水专项职能定位，厘清任务边界，形成广泛共识；（2）建立协调机制，确保专项组织实施的相关方衔接顺畅；（3）创新研发模式，建立专业化机构，促进行政与技术的深度融合；从技术管理层面：（1）统一指标体系，实施适用于水专项管理特点的绩效考评机制；（2）强化标志性成果产出，突破重大关键技术，形成整装成套的技术装备；（3）搭建成果转化平台，推动技术产业化，解决科研管理与成果转化“两张皮”问题。

This paper systematically introduced the current situation of the implementation of the major science and technology program for water pollution control and treatment (The following is referred to as "water special project"). The problems existing in the implementation of administrative organization of water special project were analyzed from the aspects of project management mechanism, supervision mechanism, assessment and incentive mechanism. The problems existing in the implementation of technical management organization of water special project were analyzed from aspects of technical organization, technological breakthrough, and transformation of technological achievements. Optimization suggestions were put forward for implementing the management system of water special organizations. From the level of administrative management, (1) clearing the positioning of the special water function, clarifying the task boundary, and forming a broad consensus; (2) establishing a coordination mechanism to ensure the smooth connection between the relevant parties in the implementation of the water special project organization; (3) innovating research and development model, establishing specialized institutions, and promoting the deep integration of administration and technology. From the level of technology management, (1) unifying index system and implementing Performance evaluation mechanism which is suitable for the management characteristics of water special project; (2) strengthening the output of landmark achievements, breakthroughing major and key technologies, and forming a complete set of technology and equipment. (3) building the platform for the transformation of results, promoting the industrialization of Technology, and solving the problem of "two skins" in scientific research management and achievement transformation.

国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项“水体污染控制组织实施行政管理及体制机制优化的模式研究”（2014ZX07510-001-07-03）