与发达国家相比,我国农产品冷链物流浪费严重,不仅白白消耗了大量劳动力,也白白浪费了土地、水、肥料等自然资源,同时也降低了国内、国际竞争力。本文从冷链库存量、冷链保管、运输与配送时间、冷链投资、温度控制等角度梳理分析了冷链农产品变质损耗的影响因素,并指出了控制变质损耗的发展趋向。最后,以新旧动能转化视角,进一步揭示生鲜品变质损耗影响因素的变化规律,为冷链物流实践提供支撑；利用大数据和运筹学技术,对生鲜品需求和库存配送做出科学预测和优化决策；加大仓储保鲜和冷链配送投入,延长保鲜期并减缓腐损率；采用专业的仓储配送中心,在联盟合作中实现节能降耗和互利共赢四个方面,提出了控制农产品变质损耗的发展对策。

Compared with the developed countries, our agricultural cold chain logistics undergoes a serious waste, which not only consumes a lot of labor, but also wastes the natural resources such as land, water, fertilizer and so on, at the same time, reduces the domestic and international competitiveness. This paper analyzes the factors affecting the deteriorating loss of cold chain agricultural products from the aspects of cold chain inventory, cold chain storage, transportation and distribution time, cold chain investment, temperature control and so on, and presents the development trend of controlling deteriorating loss. Finally, prom the perspective of new and old kinetic energy conversion, the development countermeasures of controlling the deteriorating loss of agricultural products were put forward, such as, further revealing the change law of the factors affecting the deteriorating loss of fresh goods for the support of cold chain logistics practice, making scientific prediction for fresh goods demand and optimization for inventory and distribution by using big data and operational research technology, extending the life time of agricultural cold chain products and reducing their deteriorating rate by investing preservation technology and distribution technology, and adopting professional warehousing and distribution centers to achieve energy conservation, consumption reduction and mutual benefit in alliance cooperation, etc.

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国家自然科学“补偿机制下农产品冷链多级库存系统的协调与优化研究”(71672166)；国家自然科学“以DC为中枢的农产品冷链库存策略与多温共配优化研究”(71372122)；山东省社科规划项目“供给侧改革视域下农产品冷链配送模式及发展对策”(17BGLJ02)