基于默顿科学社会学视角下的国家科学院治理理论研究

The Study of National Academy of Sciences Governance Theory Based on Merton Sociology of Science Perspective

摘要:

以默顿科学社会学的核心观点为理论依据，结合治理思维，对国家科学院的治理理论进行分析。主要结论：首先，国家科学院治理的基础是自主性，并借助科学规范与法律体系作为治理机制，实现科技的创新与传播。治理要义在于如何高效安排组织内的学术权力与行政权力，强而独立的学术权力和弱而规范的行政权力是较为理想的博弈结果。其次，我国国家科学院在治理过程中表现出对治理资源的高度垄断与显著的行政型治理特征；再次，尽管默顿学派的诸多理论饱受诟病，但其核心观点却构成现代科学院治理理论的基础，仍旧是研究科学建制的有效理论工具。

Abstract:

This paper systematically analyzes the theory of national academy of sciences, based on the core opinions of sociology of science, and combined with governance thought. The main conclusions: Firstly, basis of national academy of sciences is independence, which relies on the science norms and laws as the governance mechanism to efficiently achieve the innovation and dissemination. The key point of governance is how to arrange the academic power and administrative power in the organization. Relatively, the strong and independence academic power and weak but normative is an ideal gambling result. Secondly, the distinguishing characteristics of Chinese Academy of Sciences show high monopoly to the resource and administrative governance. Thirdly, although Merton School get some criticism, the core of its ideas consist of the basic theory of modern national academy of sciences governance, and are still our efficient tool for studying the science and science institution.