在发达国家特别是在美国,国家实验室以及类似的公共创新平台经历了长期的发展,在整个科技创新体系和创新生态中一直扮演着十分重要的角色。本文以技术转移效率理论作为分析框架,分析了当前国家实验室技术转移研究的进展,对国家实验室技术转移的各个模式进行了分类及评价。另外,在现有文献综述的基础上,本文还梳理总结了可能影响国家实验室技术转移的因素,并归纳梳理了国家实验室技术转移的影响因素与不同转移模式之间存在的关联,从而为指导下一步研究奠定了基础。最后,本文总结我国需要推进国家实验室技术转移的实证研究,并且指出价值网络扩散会是国家实验室技术转移模式的未来发展方向,需要进一步关注。

In most of the developed countries, especially in the United States, national laboratories and similar public innovation institutions have experienced long-term development and have always played a key role in the entire national technology innovation ecosystem. The purpose of this paper is to review the up-to-date literature on national laboratory technology transfer research, by taking the famous contingent effectiveness model as the analysis framework, and then classify the various modes of national laboratory technology transfer. In addition, based on the existing evidence, we also list out a set of factors that may affect the technology transfer of national laboratories in general, and then summarize the influencing factors on different transfer modes. We conclude that more empirical research is desired regarding the technology transfer issues on Chinese national laboratories, and points out that the value networks mode, which can be a possible way to transfer national laboratory technology, could be the current research gap and clearly awaits future studies.

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国家自然科学基金“支持技术预见的多源异构大数据融合与时序文本预测方法研究”（项目编号：91646102）；国家自然科学基金“面向2035的中国工程科技发展路线图绘制理论与方法研究”（项目编号：L1624045）