基于核心指标的比较分析了中美在国家创新链关键环节的表现。研究表明：中国科技创新投入产出规模与美国差距不断缩小,但是在经费投入强度、人才培养、科学研究影响力、核心技术能力以及产业竞争力等方面还有较大差距。未来,中国要强化科技创新和体制机制改革双轮驱动,着力提升全社会研发经费投入,特别是企业研发投入的强度,努力提升国家高等教育人才培养水平,加强科技创新面向国家和经济需求的战略导向,要以全球视野布局和促进开放,稳步迈向创新型国家行列,支撑世界科技强国建设。

Based on the key indicators comparison, this paper analyzed the performance of the national innovation chain of China and the United States. The research shows that the gap between China"s science and technology innovation input and output scale and the United States is shrinking, but there is still a big gap in terms of R D intensity, talent training, scientific research influence, core technology capabilities and industrial competitiveness. In the future, China should focus on strengthening the two-wheel drive of technological innovation and institutional reform, improving the investment in research and development of the whole society, especially the intensity of R D investment in enterprises, striving to improve the level of national higher education personnel training, and strengthening the strategic orientation of S T innovation to the needs of the country and the economy, Promoting the opening up in the global vision, accelerating the construction of an innovative country, and supporting China’s world technological power construction.

科技部战略研究专项“国家创新调查工作任务”（ZLY201638）