由于当前组织环境的复杂性、多样性和动态性特征,悖论引起了管理学者的重视。探索与利用是企业创新中的悖论,情境型双元是个体认知层次上管理探索与利用悖论的有效方式。文章通过系统梳理Web of Science中的相关文献,在辨析探索与利用悖论关系和双元概念的基础上,提出了双元的三个内涵,分别为适应外部变动的环境、使探索与利用在高水平上共存、通过探索与利用的相对平衡与交互作用获得组织的灵活性。归纳并比较了双元的实现路径,发现时序型双元和结构型双元是对立与冲突视角下对探索与利用的权衡,而情境型双元是悖论视角下对探索与利用的平衡,情境型双元是实现多层次和嵌套型双元的基础。此外,文章系统分析了情境型双元的五个前因,分别为人力资源实践、组织文化、高管团队行为整合、智力资本和组织情境。文章拓展了对探索与利用悖论和双元的认知,展现了情境型双元的演化路径、理论全貌和实现机理,帮助企业解决创新困境。

Exploration and exploitation is a paradox in enterprise innovation, and contextual ambidexterity is an effective way to manage exploration and exploitation paradox at individual cognitive level and behavior perspective. In this paper, through systematic literature review based on Web of Science, based on the analysis of exploration and exploitation paradox relations and the ambidexterity concept, this paper puts forward three connotations of organizational ambidexterity, which are adapting to the environment of external changes, making exploration and exploitation co-exist at a high level, and achieving organizational flexibility through relative balance and interaction of exploration and exploitation. This paper founds that the sequential ambidexterity and structural ambidexterity are the tradeoffs of exploration and exploitation in the perspective of contradiction and opposites, while the contextual ambidexterity is the balance of exploration and exploitation in the perspective of paradox, and the contextual ambidexterity is the basis of realizing the multi-level and nested ambidexterity. In addition, this paper systematically analyzes five antecedents of contextual ambidexterity, which are human resource practice, organizational culture, executive team behavior integration, intellectual capital and organizational context. This paper expands the cognition of exploration and exploitation paradox and ambidexterity, and presents the evolution path, theoretical overview and realization mechanism of contextual ambidexterity, so as to help enterprises solve the dilemmas of innovation.

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国家社科基金重大项目《“十三五”时期环境治理与经济发展方式转变相互协调机制研究》（编号：15ZDA015）