近年来专利主张实体已经开始在我国展开专利布局并不断发起专利诉讼，对技术创新机制的影响不断加大。本文从专利许可模式演变的视角出发，揭示专利主张实体产生的深层次原因。通过对最新实证研究数据进行研究，分析专利主张实体的不同类型以及运营模式。指出其问题本质在于技术创新收益的分配变化以及利益平衡问题，进而研究专利主张实体对创新机制产生的积极影响与消极影响。借鉴美国规范专利主张实体的法律实践，对我国如何利用和规范专利主张实体提出对策与建议。

As the Patent Assertion Entities have begun to filed patent litigation and patent licensing in China, the impact on the technological innovation mechanism has been increasing. This paper, from the perspective of the evolution of the patent licensing model, reveals the deep-rooted reasons for the Patent Assertion Entities. Through the analysis of the latest empirical research data, a systematic study on the types and operational models was conducted. It points out that the essence of the problem lies in the distribution change of the technological innovation income and the balance of interests. Current Patent Assertion Entities have both positive and negative impacts on technological innovation. Drawing on the legal practice of the US standard Patent Assertion Entities, it proposes countermeasures and suggestions on how to use and standardize the Patent Assertion Entities in China.

G306

全国博士后管委会博士后国际交流计划派出项目“专利主张实体法律问题研究”（20160023）。