Abstract:Under the background of the strong demand for professional knowledge, scientists having both the familiarity and the knowledge with development trend and law of science and technology have more and more become such an indispensable need in providing expert consultation for the public decision, scientists and science and technology think tanks can extensively and deeply participate in public policy making. Based on the systematic combing of research at home and abroad, including the relationship between science and politics, the role and function of scientists and science and technology think tanks in policy making, the institutional and procedural arrangements of scientists and science and technology think tanks in decision consultancy, key research directions and prospects of the future were brought forward. It is important to keep scientists and t think tanks independent to improve the quality of decision-making consulting, expand the interaction of scientists and think tanks with the public to elevate the level of decision-making consulting, and perfect the operating and management mechanism of science and technology think tanks to enhance the ability of decision-making consulting.