开放式创新视角下美国国家实验室大型科研基础设施共享机制研究

A Research on the Sharing Mechanism of User Facilities in U.S.’s National Laboratories, from an Open-Innovation Perspective

摘要:

自从二战以来,美国国家实验室的大型科研基础设施的创新范式经历了由封闭到开放的发展历程,伴随其中的同样有其作为科研平台的共享机制的逐渐丰富和完善的过程。本文试图以开放式创新的视角详细分析美国国家实验室大型科研基础设施的四种主要共享机制,厘清其发展脉络,从而为我国国家实验室的建设提供理论和现实上的参考。

Abstract:

Since World War II, the innovation paradigm of the large-scale research infrastructure of the National Laboratory of the United States has undergone a transition from “closed innovation” to “open innovation”. Such transition has also been accompanied by the gradual enrichment and improvement of its sharing mechanism as, mostly been called, user facilities. From an open-innovation perspective, this paper attempts to provide a full analysis of the four main sharing mechanisms of the user facilities in U.S.’s national laboratories, and clarify their development context, thus providing a theoretical and practical reference for the exploration on building China"s own national laboratories.