依靠科技创新实现绿色发展，已经成为全人类的共同选择。基于绿色发展视角，运用熵值法对近年来全国及31个省份的农业科技创新能力及其与农业绿色发展的关系进行测度和评价。结果显示：我国农业科技创新能力及各组成要素整体呈上升趋势；各省份农业科技创新能力整体不高且发展不平衡，东部省份的农业科技创新能力普遍强于中西部省份；科技创新产出能力和农业绿色发展存在较大的省域差异，且存在一定程度的不协调性，西部大部分省份在环境友好和资源利用方面优于东部省份，科技创新对全国尤其是东部省份农业绿色发展的支撑效果不明显。构建支撑农业绿色发展的科技创新体系是实施创新驱动发展战略、实现农业高质量发展的出发点和落脚点，需要从协同创新、体制机制、文化环境等方面提升省域农业科技创新能力。

Relying on scientific and technological innovation to achieve green development has become the common choice of all mankind.Based on the perspective of green development, this paper uses the method of entropy to measure and evaluate the innovation ability of agricultural science and technology and its relationship with the green development of agriculture in China and 31 provinces in recent years.Results show:China's agricultural science and technology innovation capability and its components are on the rise as a whole;agricultural science and technology innovation ability of each province is relatively low as a whole and its development is unbalanced;the innovation ability of agricultural science and technology in eastern provinces is generally stronger than that in central and Western provinces;there are great differences between the output capacity of science and technology innovation and the green development of agriculture,and there's a certain degree of disharmony;most of the western provinces are superior to the eastern provinces in terms of environmental friendliness and resource utilization;the support effect of scientific and technological innovation on the green development of agriculture in the whole country, especially in the eastern provinces, is not obvious.Constructing a scientific and technological innovation system to support the green development of agriculture is the starting point and destination of implementing the strategy of innovation-driven development and realizing the high-quality development of agriculture. It is necessary to enhance the provincial agricultural scientific and technological innovation ability from the aspects of collaborative innovation, institutional mechanism and cultural environment.

F323.3；F303.2

中国工程院咨询研究项目“我国农业科技创新驱动发展战略研究”（2018-XY-37）