科技大国创新驱动产业结构优化的比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Industrial Structure Optimization Driven by Innovation in Major Science and Technology Countries

摘要:

随着科技全球化与经济全球化的深入推进,提高科技创新能力,推动产业结构的优化,对于国家经济高质量发展、增强国际竞争力具有重要意义。文章以主要科技大国(美国、英国、法国、德国、日本、中国)为分析对象,利用改进的泰尔指数、熵权法、灰色关联度模型探讨了这些国家1997-2015年的产业结构优化水平,分析了科技创新与产业结构优化的关联作用。结果表明,科技创新对产业结构演变具有重要的驱动作用,两者保持高度关联,其中科创投入对产业结构优化的影响较科创产出、环境大。高科技出口驱动的参与国际贸易和竞争,以及经济发展驱动的市场需求结构变化,有效促进了产业结构优化调整。中国与发达国家相比,产业结构优化水平较低,主要受产业高级化和绿色化制约；科技创新对产业结构优化的成效不够显著,受科创投入影响较大,但是发展态势良好,创新驱动发展空间较大。

Abstract:

With the deepening of scientific and technological globalization and economic globalization, it is of great significance to improve the ability of scientific and technological innovation and promote the optimization of industrial structure for high-quality economic development and enhancing international competitiveness. The article uses the improved Theil index, entropy weight method and gray correlation model to explore the industrial structure optimization level of the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan and China from 1997 to 2015, and analyzes the correlation between technological innovation and industrial structure optimization. The results show that: First, technological innovation plays an important role in driving the evolution of industrial structure. The two maintain a high degree of correlation. Among them, the impact of technological innovation investment on industrial structure optimization is greater than that of technological innovation output and environment. Second, high-tech export-driven participation in international trade and competition, as well as changes in market demand structure driven by economic development, effectively promoted the optimization and adjustment of industrial structure. Third, compared with developed countries, China has a lower level of industrial structure optimization, which is mainly restricted by advanced and green industries. The effect of scientific and technological innovation on the optimization of industrial structure is not significant enough, which is greatly affected by the investment in scientific and technological innovation. However, it has a good development trend and a large space for innovation-driven development.