本文基于企业技术异质性,利用数据包络分析模型和共同前沿理论研究了2006年—2017年浙江省不同性质企业的科技创新效率差距和动态趋势,并分析了不同性质企业间的技术差距、变化趋势和效率损失根源。研究结果表明：(1)2006年—2017年间,浙江省不同性质企业的科技创新效率均值较低。外商投资企业、港澳台商投资企业和内资企业的科技创新效率均值依次递减,但差距较小。内资企业中,私营企业的科技创新效率最高,集体企业和股份合作企业的科技创新效率极低；企业间效率差异极大使得内资企业的科技创新效率最低； 12年间内资企业的科技创新效率一直呈现追赶势头,并于2017年超越外商和港澳台商企业。(2)共同前沿下的技术效率均值显示了最优生产前沿面。内资企业所依托的技术水平反映了浙江省内的最优生产技术,外资企业与浙江省最优科技创新技术还有12.3%的差距,考察期内,技术差距一直较为均衡且差距在逐步缩小。港澳台商投资企业在2006年和2007年期间的技术环境与浙江省最优技术差距较大,但是近10年技术差距越来越小。(3)内资企业和外商投资企业科技创新效率损失的根源在于管理水平低下,港澳台商投资企业的效率损失则同时来源于技术能力和管理水平不佳。

Based on the heterogeneity of enterprise technology, this paper uses DEA model and meta-frontier theory to study the scientific and technological innovation efficiency gap and dynamic trend of different properties enterprises in Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2017, We also analyzes the technology gap, change trend and the source of efficiency loss among different enterprises. The results show that:(1) From 2006 to 2017, the average efficiency of scientific and technological innovation of different enterprises in Zhejiang Province was low. The average efficiency of scientific and technological innovation of foreign-funded enterprises, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan funded enterprises and domestic funded enterprises decreases in turn, but the gap is small. Among domestic enterprises, private enterprises have the highest efficiency in scientific and technological innovation, while collective enterprises and joint-stock cooperative enterprises have the lower efficiency. It makes the domestic enterprises in the lowest efficiency by the efficiency difference between enterprises. In the past 12 years, domestic enterprises have been catching up in the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation, and surpassed foreign, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enterprises in 2017.(2) The mean value of technical efficiency under the meta-frontier shows the optimal production frontier. The technology level of domestic enterprises reflects the best production technology in Zhejiang Province. There is still a gap of 12.3% between foreign-funded enterprises and the best innovation technology in Zhejiang Province. During the investigation period, the technology gap has been relatively balanced and gradually narrow. There is a big gap between the technological environment of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan invested enterprises and the optimal technology of Zhejiang Province in 2006 and 2007, but the technological gap is becoming smaller in the past 10 years.(3) The root of the loss of the efficiency in domestic enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises lies in the low level of management, The loss of efficiency of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enterprises comes from poor technical ability and management level.

浙江省软科学研究计划项目(2019C35048);杭州市科技计划软科学研究项目(20180834M32)。