碳中和的提出对农业农村发展提出新要求,农户作为农业生产的直接参与者,促进农户低碳生产是更好更快实现农业农村碳中和的重点。鉴于农户兼业成为普遍现象,本文利用黑龙江省376份农户深度调研数据,实证分析了在碳中和背景下农户兼业对农户低碳生产行为的影响。结果表明,农户兼业促使农户采纳低碳生产的概率提高了12.8%。并进一步采用倾向得分匹配法解决样本选择偏误,结果发现这一概率值仍然高达14%～24.9%,而且在统计上非常显著和稳健。并且当农户家庭成员多、加入合作社、无政治身份、受政府宣传教育影响大、受政府监管影响大时,农户兼业促进农户进行低碳生产的作用更为明显。基于此,不仅要拓宽农户兼业渠道,提供农户更多兼业机会，要发挥政府监管的约束作用,进而发挥农户兼业对农户低碳生产的促进作用,为早日实现农业农村碳中和提供可靠路径。

In consideration of the new requirements of carbon neutralization for China's agricultural and rural development and the fact that farmers' part-time employment has become a common phenomenon. In order to promote farmers to adopt low-carbon production, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of farmers' part-time employment on farmers' low-carbon production behavior under the background of carbon neutralization by using the in-depth survey data of 376 farmers in Heilongjiang Province. The results show that the probability of farmers adopting low-carbon production increases by 12.8%. The tendency score matching method is further used to solve the sample selection error. The results show that this probability value is still as high as 14% ~ 24.9%, which is statistically significant and stable. At the same time, when farmers which have many family members, join cooperatives and have no political identity, are greatly affected by government publicity and education and government supervision. The role of farmers' part-time employment in promoting farmers' low-carbon production is more obvious. Based on these, it is proposed not only to broaden the channels of farmers' part-time employment and provide more opportunities for farmers' part-time employment, but also to give play to the restrictive role of government supervision, so as to give full play to the role of farmers' part-time employment in promoting farmers' low-carbon production and to provide path reference for China's early realization of agricultural and rural carbon neutralization.

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国家社会科学基金青年项目“承接农业公益性服务功能的经营性服务组织培育研究”(批准号：16CJY050)