Abstract:According to the theory of innovation value chain, scientific and technological innovation is divided into two stages: research process and commercial process. Selecting 30 province-level panel data in China from 2000 to 2018, constructing a threshold model with R&D investment as the threshold, and empirically researching the impact of human capital structure upgrading on technological innovation, and finding:(1) The human capital structure upgrading is beneficial to scientific and technological research and development, but is not conducive to the achievement transformation; (2) The human capital structure upgrading has a double threshold effect on scientific and technological research and development, when R&D investment crosses the threshold 1.22 and 1.92, the promotion effect has been significantly strengthened; there is a single threshold effect on the achievement transformation, R&D investment crosses the threshold 0.24, and the inhibitory effect of advancement is weakened; (3) The human capital structure upgrading in the eastern region has a greater impact on the scientific and technological research and development stage. In the achievement transformation stage, there is not much difference in the influence of the human capital structure upgrading among different regions; (4) The human capital structure upgrading inhibits the achievement transformation, but the stock of human capital promotes it.