习近平总书记强调“发挥市场在创新资源配置中的决定性作用”，国内外既有理论无法为这一新政策理念提供充分的理论支撑，也没有指导一个转型国家如何实现这一理念的现成的经验可以照搬。构建起一个适合理解如何发挥市场在创新资源配置中的决定性作用的经济理论分析框架即“创新市场理论”，阐释该理论框架与现有理论流派的区别和优点。创新市场理论的基本信念是市场是推动创新的有效力量，政策主张是要把提高创新市场的效率放在创新政策制定的中心地位，将政府创新政策的职能定位为提高创新市场的效率，强调应该在肯定和维护市场在创新资源配置中的决定性作用的前提下充分发挥政府在推动创新中的作用。并运用该框架解答中国如何应对以美国为首的西方国家采取的意图限制中国创新发展的政策，指出中国应该通过一系列深化改革措施提高国内具有很大挖掘潜力的创新市场的效率和充分释放创新潜力，在此基础上构建起有利于开放、合作和共赢的国际创新环境。

General Secretary Jinping Xi advocates that market should play a decisive role in allocating innovation resources. Neither can contemporary theories fully support this innovative policy belief, nor do past policy practices show how a transitional country like China should enforce that belief. The paper advances an economic theoretical framework, i.e. innovation market theory, that is suitable for addressing the issue how to make market play its decisive role in the allocation of innovation resource. The differences between the theory and contemporary mainstream theories, as well as the advantages of the theory, are discussed in details. From the perspective of innovation market theory, the strategy how China deals with the policies advocated by the U.S. government to limit China’s innovation-based development is discussed. It is pointed out that China should deepen its reform to improve the efficiency of its domestic innovation market, which can not only relieve the stress imposed by the U.S. decoupling policy, but also help to establish a win-win, collaborative and open global innovation environment.

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广东省哲学社会科学规划项目，项目批准号：GD21CTS04