北京市因92家独角兽企业扎堆涌现而倍受关注,理清背后机理可为我国其他地区培育独角兽企业提供宝贵经验。基于耦合度模型与熵权法研究我国独角兽企业的创新能力与区域创新生态系统耦合程度,发现目前仅有北京市与广东省处于良好耦合阶段,其他地区处于磨合期、低耦合或耦合度差阶段。基于SC模型与雷达图比较分析,发现北京市76%的区域创新生态系统指标达到平均指标的115-486%,成为北京市独角兽企业扎堆出现的重要原因。基于耦合机理进行模型验证发现,北京市独角兽企业创新能力与区域创新生态系统之间的耦合形成多维度交叉影响机制,存在着显明的“一头重一头轻”特征且与其他区域形成差异化,北京市需对耦合度处于相对劣势的5个指标实施补短板策略。本文对各地区培育当地独角兽企业所带来的重要启示在于,促进独角兽企业产生与发展,不能只出台支持企业的政策,还需盯住并持续改善各项耦合指标,提高本区域创新生态系统与企业创新能力的耦合等级与耦合程度。

Beijing has attracted much attention due to the emergence of 92 unicorn Enterprises. Clarifying the mechanism can provide valuable experience for cultivating unicorn enterprises in other regions of the country. Based on the coupling degree model and the entropy weight method, the innovation capabilities of our country"s unicorn companies are coupled with the regional innovation ecosystem. At present, only Beijing and Guangdong Province are in a good coupling stage, and other regions are in the running-in period, low coupling or poor coupling stage. Based on the comparative analysis of the SC model and the radar chart, it is found that 76% of the regional innovation ecosystem indicators in Beijing have reached 115-486% of the average indicators, which has become an important reason for the emergence of unicorn enterprises in Beijing. Based on the model verification based on the coupling mechanism, we find that Beijing has formed a mechanism of cross-influence of multiple dimensions. The coupling mechanism between the innovation capabilities of unicorn enterprises and the regional innovation ecosystem in Beijing is different from other regions. There is an obvious characteristic of "one end is heavy and the other is light" in Beijing. Beijing needs to strengthen measures for the five indicators whose coupling degrees are relatively disadvantaged to make up for the shortcomings. This article has important implications for the cultivation of local unicorns in various regions. To promote the emergence and development of unicorn enterprises, it is not only necessary to introduce policies to support enterprises, but also to focus on and continuously improve various coupling indicators. Only by improving the coupling level and coupling degree between the local regional innovation ecosystem and the innovation capability of enterprises can we promote the emergence of unicorn enterprises.

本文是XX自然科学基金面上项目“创新网络视角下xx独角兽创新种群与创新生态系统协同机理研究”(编号:9212003,2021-2023)的成果。