区块链赋能是当前数字化农业运营的一种新趋势。除了链上系统的投资，技能学习、知识更新等方面的巨大投资也构成了区块链技术采纳的障碍。区块链技术对农业是否有赋能效应，一直存在一定的争议。因此，本文构建了“农企——电商零售平台”的二级供应链绩效模型，聚焦农企和平台选择采纳区块链技术的条件。研究表明，平台采纳区块链技术会导致农企提升批发价，产品零售价也随之增加，同时产品需求量也增大。然而，采纳区块链技术对电商平台和农企却并不一定能实现双赢。只有满足农企学习效率为高水平，或农企学习效率和电商平台的追溯效率均为低水平时，采纳区块链技术可使农企和电商平台共同受益，实现双赢。反之，采纳区块链技术只能使电商平台受益。本文的研究强调了区块链技术采纳的最佳条件，同时也为区块链应用早期阶段的农业企业和电商平台提供了有价值的见解。

The empowerment of blockchain is a new trend in current digital agricultural operations. However, huge investments in systems, equipment, and human resources all pose major obstacles to blockchain technology. Whether blockchain technology has an enabling effect on agriculture has always been a potentially controversial issue. Therefore, in this paper, we build a two-echelon supply chain model between an agricultural enterprise and an e-commerce retail platform, focusing on the conditions for agricultural enterprises and platforms to accept blockchain technology. Research shows that the adoption of blockchain technology on the platform will lead to higher wholesale prices of agricultural enterprises, which also increase the retail price of products, and at the same time, the demand of products also increasees. Adopting blockchain technology is always the best strategy for e-commerce platforms, but not necessarily for agricultural enterprises. Only when the learning efficiency of agricultural enterprises is high, or the learning efficiency of agricultural enterprises and the traceability efficiency of e-commerce platforms are both low, the use of blockchain technology can benefit both agricultural enterprises and e-commerce platforms and achieve a win-win situation. Conversely, the adoption of blockchain technology can only benefit e-commerce platforms. Our study highlights the conditional acceptance of the disruptive blockchain as well as provides valuable insight for both agricultural enterprises and e-commerce platforms in the early stage of blockchain.

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国家社会科学基金“区块链+”生态农产品供应链的融合创新研究(18BGL100)