为探究“双一流”建设政策对我国高校科研力与国际竞争力的影响，将“双一流”建设政策视作一项准自然实验，构建资源与功能研究框架，基于2015－2018年的相关数据，从投入产出视角出发，运用双重差分法评估“双一流”建设政策对我国106所高校科研力的影响，并研究政策对不同地域及不同类型高校影响的异质性。研究发现：政策实施促使高校综合竞争力与科研成果显著提升，但对成果转化与科研奖励的影响不显著；对东部高校综合竞争力、科研成果具有正向作用，对中西部高校的科研能力提升作用不显著；对综合类、理工类高校的综合竞争力、科研成果具有正向显著影响。为此，提出政府在后续的相关政策制定中，要同时关注发展优势显著和具有发展潜力的高校，进一步调整优化教育经费结构和探索科技成果转化合作机制。

To explore the impact of the "Double-first-class" policy on the research capability and international competitiveness of Chinese universities, we treated the policy as a quasi-natural experiment. Based on data from 2015 to 2018, a resource-function research framework was constructed. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we assessed the policy's effect on the scientific research capacity of 106 universities and examined its heterogeneous impacts across different regions and institution types. The study found that while the policy significantly enhances overall competitiveness and research outputs, it does not significantly influence research conversion or awards. The policy positively affects the competitiveness and research achievements of universities in the eastern region but has no significant impact on improving research capabilities in central and western regions. It also significantly improves the competitiveness and research output of comprehensive and science & engineering universities. Therefore, future policy-making should focus on universities with pronounced development advantages and potential, adjust the structure of educational funding, and explore mechanisms for the transformation of scientific achievements.

浙江省自然科学基金重点项目:制造业从数量型创新向质量型创新转型机制研究 (Z21G030004)