新世纪以来，全球科技创新空前密集活跃。新一轮科技与产业变革促发全球创新版图重构。与此同时，我国科技整体实力也向系统性提升的新阶段迈进，并提出在2050年全面建成世界科技强国的战略目标。在国家创新发展的过程中，如何评判一个国家的努力成效需要借助一套完善的指标体系，这意味着一套能科学公正地测度国家科技创新能力的评价体系尤为重要。然而，现有评价体系在指标结构、侧重点以及评价方式上存在一定差异，使得世界各国科技创新能力的真实水平有待考证。基于此，对现有典型的有关国家创新能力评价体系进行梳理，从纵、横两个角度对比不同体系的异同，总结归纳其特点，提出关于科技创新能力测度的主要启示显得尤为重要。此举能准确观察我国科技创新水平及国际地位，为加快我国建设世界科技强国具有重要的理论与现实意义。

Since the new century, global science and technology innovation has been more intensive and active than ever before. The new round of technological and industrial changes has led to the reorganization of the global innovation map. Meanwhile, China's overall strength in science and technology is also moving towards a new stage of systematic improvement, and the strategic goal of fully building a world power in science and technology in 2050 is proposed. In the process of national innovation development, how to evaluate the effectiveness of a country's efforts needs to be judged by a set of perfect indicator systems, which means that a set of evaluation systems can measure the national science and technology innovation capacity in a scientific and fair manner is particularly important. However, there are some differences in the structure, focus and evaluation methods of the existing evaluation systems, which make the real level of science and technology innovation capacity of countries around the world still to be verified. Based on this, it is particularly important to sort out the existing typical national innovation capacity evaluation systems, compare the similarities and differences of the systems from both longitudinal and horizontal perspectives, summarize their characteristics, and propose the main insights on the measurement of science and technology innovation capacity. This move can accurately observe China's level of scientific and technological innovation and international status, and has important theoretical and practical significance for accelerating China's construction of a world power in science and technology.

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