Abstract:To achieve the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" is an important guiding program for China to cope with global climate change and promote the green transformation of economy and society. The construction of national quality infrastructure (NQI) can provide important institutional guarantee and technical support for realizing the goal of "double carbon". This paper first analyzes the research status of low-carbon development level and national quality infrastructure in China at the provincial level, and then constructs a coupling system model based on the index variables of "carbon efficiency index" and "NQI low-carbon application index" for carbon emission control efficiency and NQI low-carbon construction application at the provincial level. Then, Haken model is used to empirically analyze the co-evolution relationship between carbon emission control and NQI construction at the provincial level in China at the present stage by means of co-evolution theory and order parameter identification method. Finally, it is determined that carbon emission efficiency control as a coupled system order parameter dominates the regional low-carbon development process, and provincial NQI low-carbon application construction as a fast variable can have an important impact.