基于专利特征的人工智能领域核心技术识别及发展趋势分析 ——层次分析（AHP）-熵权法

Core technology identification and development trend analysis in the field of artificial intelligence based on patent characteristics-- Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) -entropy weight method

摘要:

人工智能是新一轮产业变革的核心驱动力，为助力中国人工智能产业实现核心技术突破，构建识别人工智能领域核心技术的方法并分析其现状。以智慧芽专利数据库收录的2000－2020年人工智能领域专利为数据源，从地域、申请人和国际专利分类号（IPC）层面分析人工智能领域技术的分布和发展情况；构建涵盖技术、法律和经济三维度的核心专利识别指标体系，基于层次分析（AHP）-熵权法的核心识别模型进行人工智能领域的核心技术识别。结果发现：人工智能技术正处于快速增长期，逐渐形成以企业主导技术创新模式；中国在体量和应用多元化上有所突破，但发展不均衡，核心技术研发存在一定短板；识别得到的14项核心技术均为美国持有，集中在语音识别、通信传输、电数据处理、图像分析技术领域，美国在人工智能产业领域占据主导地位，技术研发重心逐渐扩散，已经涉及到医疗、交通、物流以及金融、工业等各个产业领域。筛选出的核心专利符合世界人工智能技术领域发展现状，证明基于专利属性特征构建的三维度核心技术识别模型具有一定的科学性和有效性。最后基于研究结论，从政府、企业和研发方向等方面对中国人工智能发展提出建议

Abstract:

Artificial intelligence is the core driving force of a new round of industrial transformation. Based on the patents in the field of artificial intelligence collected in the Smart Bud Patent database from 2000 to 2020 as the data source, this paper analyzes the distribution and development of artificial intelligence technology from the level of region, applicant and international patent classification number (IPC). The core patent identification index system covering technology, law and economy is constructed, and the core technology identification in the field of artificial intelligence is carried out based on the core identification model of AHP - entropy weight method. The results show that: artificial intelligence technology is in a period of rapid growth, and gradually forms a mode of enterprise-led technological innovation; China has made breakthroughs in volume and application diversification, but its development is uneven, and there are certain shortcomings in core technology R&D. The 14 core technologies identified are all held by the United States, concentrated in the fields of speech recognition, communication transmission, electrical data processing and image analysis technology. The United States occupies a dominant position in the field of artificial intelligence industry, and the focus of technology research and development is gradually spreading, involving various industrial fields such as medical care, transportation, logistics, finance and industry. The selected core patents are in line with the development status of artificial intelligence technology in the world, which proves that the three-dimensional core technology identification model based on patent attribute characteristics is scientific and effective. Finally, based on the research conclusions, suggestions are put forward for the development of artificial intelligence in China from the aspects of government, enterprises and research and development direction.