21世纪以来,转基因生物的商业化与全球化涉及食品安全、生态安全和经济社会安全等多层安全问题,引致诸如贸易壁垒、文化伦理、社会认同等多方面的纷争,我国转基因生物科技政策开始由“能力突破”偏向“预警立场”下的严格管制,但这种管制政策面临多重约束和挑战。从公共选择理论看,我国农业转基因生物政府管制公共选择主体复杂,话语机制不够健全,博弈规则也较为混乱,导致科学群体与社会公众在转基因生物观念态度上的撕裂不断扩大,转基因生物管制政策陷入模糊与矛盾的情景中。在全球治理的语境中,构建有效的转基因生物信息交流机制和风险交流机制,强化各主体之间的关系以协调多元利益,提高国家对新兴科技创新的风险治理能力和国家自主性,成为我国农业转基因生物政府管制中的重要议题。

Since the 21st century, China has begun to recognize the political nature of agriculture genetically modified organisms(AGMOs)and to redefine genetic engineering as an issue of regulation rather than scientific capacity. This shift corresponds with a parallel trend towards greater awareness for food security, environmental issues, social security and the rise of sustainable development as a guiding principle for the country’s economic strategy, but the new government regulation policy faces multiple challenges. In a sense, regulating agribiotechnology in China is about guarding the state capacity and state’s central role within the economy and the legitimacy of the current regime as much as about trade, environment and public health issues. This task has been complicated by the economic globalization of China over the last two decades, which has allowed international norms and forces increasingly to shape domestic policy-making. With the theory of public choice to analyze this change, we could find that the subjects of China’s regulatory policy-making in AGMOs are very complicated and the rules of game are extremely confused. This leads to the policy about AGMOs easy to fall into obscure and contradictory scenario. Therefore, this paper tries to seek to shed light on the information exchange mechanism and the risk communication mechanism of China’s regulatory policy-making in AGMOs. The paper thinks how to improve the country"s capacity for risk governance, state capacity and state autonomy are becoming an important issue in China.

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