战略联盟中的关系风险与绩效风险—环境及组织间要素的影响

Relational Risks and Performance Risks in Strategic Alliances:Impacts of Environmental and Inter-organizational Factors

摘要:

先前研究认为,合作活动面临的多种风险是联盟高失败率的一个主要原因。本文对影响联盟风险的内外部因素进行分析,探讨外部环境要素(环境不确定性)和组织间要素(联盟成员间的文化差异及共同愿景)对两类联盟风险——关系风险与绩效风险的影响,以识别能有效降低联盟风险、提高联盟成功率的关键要素。研究样本包含205家联盟企业,每个企业选择2个关键信息提供者(two key informants),共获得410份样本数据。基于这些数据的分析表明,环境不确定性与关系风险倒U型相关的假设未获得通过,与绩效风险正相关；文化差异与关系风险正相关,与绩效风险U型相关；共同愿景与关系风险、绩效风险均呈负相关关系。最后对本文的研究结果进行了讨论。

Abstract:

Previous evidence has shown that the high failure rate of strategic alliances is largely determined by the multiple cooperation risks. This study attempts to explore the determinants of relational risks and performance risks in strategic alliances, including an external factor (i.e., environmental uncertainty), a cultural factor (i.e., cultural distance) and an inter-organizational factor (i.e., shared vision). We examine these hypotheses using 205 paired partnering firms in China, which generate 410 valid questionnaires. Results from these data do not support the inverted-U shaped relationship between environmental uncertainty and relational risk. Predictions such as a positive relationship between environmental uncertainty and performance risk, a positive effect between cultural distance and relational risk, a U-shaped relationship between cultural distance and performance risk, and a negative relationship between shared vision and both relational risk and performance risk are supported. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.