Abstract:Deng Xiaoping"s thought of the scientific system reform is an important part of the construction of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. With the thesis "Science and technology are primary productive forces", Deng Xiaoping put forward the basic concepts and principles of science and technology system, in order to build a new science and technology system of the ideological foundation. In China, since the reform and opening up, science and technology system reform actively explore the "governance" mode instead of "domination" mode, which greatly promoted the development of the science and technology innovation. However, due to the science and technology system complexity involved in the transition period, the relevant mechanisms and systems technology still need to be further improved. We should actively promote science and technology management functions, and promote science and technology decision-making process "multiple partnerships "to build and promote innovative country and to reach the grand goal of achieving a comprehensive well-off society.