农技成果转化主体多元化与农户技术响应研究—以甘肃省为例

Analysis of the diversified subjects of agricultural technological achievements transformation and response of peasant household to technology—based on the investigation data of Gansu province

摘要:

农业科技成果转化是衔接科研、教育、生产的重要纽带和农业可持续发展的动力。基于甘肃省农户调查资料,分析了农户对科技成果转化认知及不同农技成果转化主体行为对农户技术响应的影响。结果表明,农户对科技与其成果转化认知大相径庭,公共渠道成为农户获取技术信息的主要来源,具有明显的自发性和分散性特征,技术信息供给不充分,科技到户的“最后一公里”问题依旧突出。以农技推广机构为主导,科研单位、涉农企业、农民合作社参与的多元化新型农技成果转化模式逐步形成,但各种技术服务不能满足农户需求。新型农技成果转化主体数量少、带动能力弱,农技推广机构仍将是未来农技成果转化最重要主体,但合作社发展潜力巨大并将发挥重要作用。解决农产品“销售难”与提升自身市场竞争力成为农户赋予不同农技成果转化主体共同愿望与诉求,农户生产经营理念正由传统生产经营向现代农业转变。以农技推广机构为培训主体,以技术指导为主的单一的农户技术服务方式导致农技成果转化率低,效果差,农户技术服务方式亟待改善。

Abstract:

Abstract: The transformation of agricultural technological achievements is a important bridge joining scientific research, and education to production and it is also a strong driving force for the agricultural sustainable development. Based on the investigation data in Gansu province, the cognition of peasant household to the transformation of agricultural technological achievements and the effects of diversified subjects behaviors on response of peasant households to agricultural technology. The result showed that peasant households’ cognitions between agricultural science and technology and transformation of agricultural technological achievements were quite different, more and more attentions were paid to agricultural technology, 92.353 per cent peasant households thought it was indispensable. On the contrary most peasant households had not understand ransformation of agricultural technological achievements even 20% percentage are still deeply ignorant about transformation. The public channels including broadcast and television, relatives and friends, newspapers and magazines were the main technical information resource. It can be found two characteristics of the households’ behaviors were spontaneous and dispersion during the process of acquiring technical information. The supply of technical information was insufficient. The problem of "the last mile" that how to realize all the households have received advanced and appropriate agricultural technologies was still severe. A new type of transformation pattern of agricultural technological achievements was caming into being, in which agro-technical popularization setups played a leading role and other subjects including agricultural research institutions, agricultural businesses and self-help cooperatives participated in widely. But the technical service cannot satisfy the farmer needs by now. However，the new type of subjects of agricultural technological achievements transformation were few and the capacity of bring along peasant household was faint, as a result the agro-technical popularization setups was still the most important technology extension subject in the future, and self-help cooperatives extension organizations would play more and more importanty role. Almost all the farmers investigated has common wishes and appeal that were their agricultural product sell difficult issue could be resolved smoothly and timely, and their competitive abilities in the markets could be improved. The production-operation ideas of modern agriculture was forming from the traditional production management. The subject of training with agro-technical popularization setups as its main body and single technical service mode was dominated by technical instruction, lead to the low rate of agricultural technological achievements transformation, poor promotional effect, so the service mode for households needed to be improved urgently.