一个全球公认的碳排放权分配方案至今难以达成的原因在于对分配公平性的分歧,作为一种新型权利,碳排放权分配公平性成为各方争议的焦点。通过对现有文献的梳理,本文认为碳排放权分配历经从国际公平到人际公平、从结果公平到过程公平、从排放公平到发展公平的演化。借鉴当前研究成果,本文得到如下启示：人均累积碳排放、基本需求碳排放和碳预算总量是公平分配的必要要素,碳排放权分配公平性应在碳预算总量约束下,以基本需求碳排放为基准,满足人均累积碳排放均值趋同的条件。

There wasn’t an allocation plan of carbon emissions right which was approved by everybody so far. It was because of divergence about equitable allocation. Carbon emissions right was a new right, and its equitable allocation has become the focus of dispute. This paper reviewed references and observed that equity had evolved from international to individual, from result to process, from emission to development. These researches were a good revelation: it was necessary to include cumulative carbon emissions per capita, basic needs’ carbon emissions and total carbon budget for equitable allocation. Firstly, allocation of carbon emissions right should be under total carbon budget constraint. Secondly, when carbon emissions could satisfy basic needs, it began to accumulate. Finally, the mean value of cumulative carbon emissions per capita was equal.

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教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“公平条件下基于责能指数的初始碳排放权分配研究”（编号：11YJC790252）