美国政府科技创新资助机构的发展与思考

Development and Inspiration of Science, Technology and Innovation Granting Agencies of US Government

摘要:

第二次世界大战结束后,美国政府开始大规模介入科技活动。为了有效地对科技创新活动进行管理,美国政府在不同时期、针对不同的战略需求设立了不同的科技创新资助机构。本文分二战结束到冷战前、冷战期间、新经济转型期间和新世纪以来等四个阶段,对不同时期美国政府设立的典型科技创新资助机构进行了分析。在此基础上,对美国政府设立的科技创新资助机构的特点进行了分析,并如何借鉴美国的经验推动我国实施创新驱动发展战略进行了简单的探讨。

关键词:美国;科技创新;资助机构;创新驱动

Abstract:

US government began to support science and technology(S T) activities on a large scale since the end of World War II(WWII). To better manage S T activities, different granting agencies were established according to the requirements of the national strategies in different periods. The S T and innovation granting agencies established by US government were analyzed in four different periods, the end of WWII to the beginning of the Cold War, the period during the Cold War, the New Economy transformation during 1980s and 1990s, and the years after the 21 century. The characteristics of those granting agencies were analyzed and inspirations with respected to the implementation of the Innovation Driven Development Strategy based on the experiences of the US government were discussed.

Key words:US; Science, Technology and Innovation; Granting Agency; Innovation Driven