“市场换技术”有效吗？—中国汽车产业全要素生产率再估计

Does the Policy of Exchange Market for Technology Effective-Estimate Total Factor Productivity of Chinese automobile industry

摘要:

基于1998-2007年中国汽车企业非平衡面板数据,运用半参数估计方法估计了微观层面的企业全要素生产率(TFP)。结果显示：中国汽车企业全要素生产率稳步提高，说明“市场换技术”的战略取得了一定的效果,但国有控股企业效率明显低于非国有控股企业。在TFP的影响因素方面,企业增加新产品开发、扩大市场规模、深入市场化改革、开展对外出口都显著的有助于提升企业的TFP。而垄断的市场结构都对企业TFP造成了负向的影响。分析还表明,不同的企业特性如企业规模、所有制和所在地区对TFP的影响也有较大差别。因此,应考虑差别化的产业政策。此外,推行国有控股企业“混合所有制”改革,实施规模经济政策,打破进入退出壁垒以及建立自主创新体系对提升中国汽车企业TFP也至关重要。

关键词:汽车产业;全要素生产率;半参数估计;微观计量

Abstract:

Using semi-parametric method and firm-lever data from 1998 to 2007, this paper estimates the total factor productivity (TFP) of Chinese automobile enterprises. The results shows: TFP of Chinese automobile enterprises increased steadily, indicating the policy of exchange market for technology is effective. The efficiency of non-state-owned enterprises is significantly higher than state-owned ones. The results also shows: new products, scale of market, market reform, and exports are positive to TFP. But the monopoly market structure have a negative impact. Different characteristics such as size,ownership and location of enterprise have different impact on TFP. Therefore, tailored-industry policy should be considered.

Key words:automobile industry;TFP;semi-parametric estimation;micro-econometrics