Abstract:Guangdong province key laboratory is one of the important component of science and technology innovation system, and the core strength of high-level basic scientific research work and the basic research for application in Guangdong province. In the present study, the problems existed in the construction and development of Guangdong province key laboratory had been analyzed under the viewpoint of the allocation of scientific research resource, including the unclear positioning and boundary, unbalanced layout structure, unreasonable allocation mode of scientific research resource, unsound performance evaluation mechanism, and deficient supervision mechanism of operation and management, etc. Furthermore, systematic studies on the construction and development of Guangdong province key laboratory had been carried out at three levels: macroscopic scale, medial scale and microscopic scale, with corresponding policy suggestions being proposed.