中国天然气消费结构转变及对策

Study on the Adjustment and Countermeasures of Natural Gas Consumption Structure in China

摘要:

近年来，随着低碳经济的兴起和减排压力的加大，我国不断加大清洁能源的开发使用力度，作为可获得、可接受、可支付的清洁能源，天然气属于我国未来能源发展的新增长点。中国天然气消费结构的未来转变趋势主要体现在两个方面：（1）消费总量上，由于供应市场逐渐宽松、管网建设的持续推进以及国内外减排压力，天然气消费量将持续保持较快速增长。（2）利用结构上，将由天然气化工为主的单一结构向城市燃气、工业燃气和天然气发电并存的利用结构转变。提出促进我国天然气消费结构合理转变的举措：（1）消费总量上，“保供应、促增长”，包括：立足国内天然气资源，多渠道、多方式引进国外资源；加强区域合作，谋求亚太地区天然气定价话语权；加大长输管网建设力度，加快天然气管网独立运营。（2）利用结构上，“调结构、增效率”，包括：稳步有序建设城市燃气管网，逐步推进气价改革；以“煤改气”为契机，有序推进工业用气的增长；加强统一规划，完善电价机制；创新技术增效，深加工促产品精细化。

Abstract:

With the development of the low-carbon economy and the increase of emission-reduction pressure, China strengthens the utilization of the clean energy. Natural gas, which is available, acceptable and affordable, will have a wide prospect of application in China. In view of this, this paper has a comprehensive analysis of the future trends of natural gas consumption structure in China. Two main trends were presented: first, China’s natural gas consumption will continue to grow rapidly with the increase of supply, the construction of pipeline network and the increase of emission-reduction pressure. Second, the utilization structure of China’s natural gas will change from single structure to multiple structure, with the coexistence of urban gas, industrial gas and natural gas power generation. Then this paper puts forward some countermeasures as follows: first, Chinese government should guarantees the supply and promote the consumption growth of the natural gas, including: based on domestic natural gas resources, introducing foreign resources by multi-channel and multi- way, seeking natural gas pricing discourse in the Asia Pacific region by strengthening regional cooperation, constructing the long-distance pipeline networks, and accelerating the operation of natural gas pipeline networks independently. Second, Chinese government also should adjust the structure and improve efficiency, including: constructing the urban gas pipelines steadily and orderly, promoting the growth of industrial gas orderly by the project of burning gas instead of coal, strengthening the unified plan, improving the pricing mechanism and deep processing, and promoting product refinement with innovative technologies.