“科学技术是一把双刃剑”，技术的进步和变革推动了社会的发展，然而新技术发展及运用所带来的新环境风险更需要被全面的认知、评价、预防和管控。本文针对电子元器件制作中所需的一类重要的材料——电子浆料的技术进步和发展所带来的新的、潜在的环境问题进行了分析，从产品制备、使用到作为电子废弃物丢弃这一完整过程对环境的影响进行综合比对阐述，认为金属导电相的纳米化、贱金属化和低温固化方向的发展都存在着新的、甚至更大的环境风险。这种风险既有客观的技术因素，也有主观的意识原因，现有相关法规及管理措施也未能对这些风险进行有效的管控。因此，在应用电子浆料新技术的同时，亟需从生产管理及法律等方面加强其对环境影响的风险评估和防控，才能真正实现科技与环境的协调、可持续发展。

It is said that, "science and technology is a double-edged sword". The improvement and revolution of technology promotes the development of society, but the environmental risks brought by new technology should be more focused by a comprehensive awareness, evaluation, prevention and control. Electronic pastes are a class of important materials manufactured for electronic components. In this paper, the new, underlying environmental problems brought by technological progress and development were analysized. Comparing from the preparation routes, course of using and subsequent damage as electronic waste to the environment, some new or greater environmental risks may appear due to the application of nano-metal conductive powders,the development of the base metals instead of precious metals and the trend of low temperature curing pastes. The risks are partly from objective technical factors, and also have the reasons of the subjective consciousness. However, the current laws and regulations have not been able to effectively control the risks. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the prevention and control of the environmental risks through production management and law when new technology is applied, only in that way, the coordinated development of social progress and environment-friendly could be realized.

国家社科基金重大项目：我国再生资源产业顶层设计与发展实现路径研究（12&ZD209），教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目：生产者责任延伸制度的理论与实践(14JJD820009），国家自然科学基金项目：银钯复合微纳米晶的可控制备及其结构稳定性的微观机理（51261008）