碳基技术系统锁定的动力机制

The Dynamic Mechanism of Carbon-based Technological System Lock-in

摘要:

“碳锁定”已经成为阻碍低碳技术扩散和低碳经济发展的重要原因。“碳锁定”的形成一般会经过碳基技术系统市场化、制度化和社会嵌入三个阶段。其中,市场化过程中由于报酬递增和系统转换成本所导致的碳基技术系统锁定是“碳锁定”形成的关键环节。报酬递增产生的原因包括生产的规模经济和学习效应,以及使用的网络效应；而资产专用性产生的沉没成本、技术互补性产生的兼容成本,以及与沉没成本和互补性相关的交易成本则导致了转换成本的出现。

Abstract:

“Carbon lock-in” is main hindrance to the diffusion of low carbon technologies and the development of low-carbon economy. The establishment of“carbon lock-in” has three stages: marketization, institutionalization and social embededness. Marketization is the key stage for carbon lock-in, as in which the dynamic mechanisms as increasing return and switch cost will lead to carbon-based technological system lock-in. Increasing return takes form of scale economics and learning effects in production side, and network effects in usage side; switching costs are consist of sunk cost caused by assets specificity, compatible costs because of technological complementarities, and transaction cost related to sunk cost and compatible cost.