历史追溯与发展现状：基于对美国企业博士后制度的探究

Historical Retrospection and Present Situation :A Research into Industry Postdocs in the U.S.

摘要:

企业博士后制度于20世纪60年代在美国创立,其中研发实力的提升、知识产权体系的完善、人力成本的增加和人才争夺的日益激烈,是推动企业借鉴高校博士后制度的主因。历经萌芽期、形成期、快速发展期和成熟期等阶段发展,美国企业博士后制度形成企业主导与政府扶持、国际化与本土化、学术化与产业化相结合等特点,并面临职业动机不足、博士后属性缺乏和博士后与企业关系不对等主要问题。

Abstract:

The industry postdoctoral system was founded in the 1960s in the U.S. The progress of research and development, improvement of the intellectual property system, increased cost of human resources and intense competition of talent recruitment are four major reasons why this system was born. After a germination period, a cultivation period, a quick development period and now in a mature period, the American industry postdoctoral system has developed a good balance between market-orientation and government-support, globalization and localization, academic and industrialization. Its main problems are doctors lacking of career motivation for industrial postdocs, partially industrial postdocs lacking of postdocs’ characters, and the unequal relationship between postdocs and corporations.