市场进入、年龄和创新激励

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摘要:

从进入市场、存活以及随着年龄的增长这一动态的演化过程中,企业创新激励的持续性问题一直是理论界悬而未决的问题。这篇文章率先系统性的从经济转轨过程中企业的市场进入和存续出发考察了企业的不同年龄阶段对创新激励的影响。研究发现,首先,进入企业创新的动机要显著的高于存续的企业,中国制造企业存在显著的创新行为的市场选择效应。在企业进入的前9年时间内,新企业存在持续的创新激励,不过,新企业的创新激励并非持续增强,呈现“倒U型”的分布趋势。其次,中国制造企业的创新行为并不存在纯粹的年龄效应,相反,在大部分时间内,成立年限越长的企业创新激励却呈现逐渐下降的趋势。然而,中国制造企业的创新行为存在明显的代际效应,代际越新的企业的创新激励呈现逐年的上升趋势。最后,在不同的行业类型和所有制类型中,非国有企业、高新技术产业和劳动密集型产业创新行为的年龄效应演化趋势存在系统性的差异,国有企业和外资企业的代际效应并没有显著性的差异。那么,进一步深化市场化改革,降低市场的制度性壁垒应是中国政府产业组织政策制定的方向。

Abstract:

SThe sustainability of the enterprise innovation incentive has been a theoretical open question from entering the market, survive, and as the growth of the age of this dynamic evolution process. The paper investigates the influence of enterprises from different age stagesSto innovation incentives underSthe process of economic transition. The paper finds that, first of all, innovation incentives of the new entrants were significantly higher than that of the surviving firms. As the first 9 years of entry the market, new firms have persistent innovation incentives, however, which presented the distribution trend of “inverted U”. Second, innovation behavior of Chinese firms does not exist purely age effect, on the contrary, in most of the time, the establishment of the longer the enterprise innovation incentive has showed a trend of gradual decline.SHowever, there is an obvious intergenerational effect, generation of the new enterprise innovation motivation showed a trend of rising year by year. Finally, in the different types of industries and ownership, the evolution trend of innovation behavior of age effect in non-state-owned enterprises, high technology industries and labor-intensive industries present systemic differences, the intergenerational effect of state-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises was not significant difference. So, further deepening the reform of marketization, reduce the market of the institutional barriers should be the direction of industrial organization policy of the Chinese government.