基于伙伴类型与关系的技术标准联盟中企业嵌入机制研究

The embeddedness in standard-setting alliance: based on partner types and relationships

摘要:

基于新经济社会学理论中的嵌入性理论,分析了技术标准联盟伙伴间的嵌入安排及其对联盟竞争能力的影响。具体而言,首先,将嵌入性分为结构性嵌入和关系性嵌入,并且将技术标准联盟的竞争能力分为技术能力和市场能力；然后,分别探讨了两种嵌入安排对两种竞争力的影响机制,并提出了研究假设；最后借助闪联联盟的案例对所提假设进行了验证性分析。研究发现可以概括为以下两方面：(1)在关系性嵌入机制方面,在核心技术成员之间,当联盟技术能力的提高依赖于伙伴间隐性技能的共享时,伙伴间需要建立强关系,反之,如果是以共享显性的专利为主,适宜维持弱关系；在核心技术企业与其他产业链环节企业之间,核心研发企业与大型终端企业应该维持强关系,与小型终端企业和技术配套企业适宜维持弱关系。(2)在结构性嵌入机制方面,中介机构参与技术标准联盟有利于联盟竞争能力的提高。

Abstract:

Based on the new economic sociology theory-embedding theory, this paper analyzes the embeddedness arrangements among the technology standard-setting alliance’ partners, as well as their influences on the competitiveness of alliance. First of all, embeddedness is divided into structural and relational embeddedness, and competitiveness of standard-setting alliance is diveded into technical and market ability. Then, this paper probes into the influence of two kinds of embedded arrangements on two kinds of competitiveness, and puts forward the research hypothesis. Finally, it takes verified analysis to the proposed hypothesis using the case of IGRS alliance. There are two new findings. (1) For relational embeddedness, it needs to build strong ties between partners when the enhancement of alliance technology ability depends on the sharing of tacit technologies between partners. Conversely, weak ties are feasible when partners share explicit technologies. Furthermore, core R&D enterprises should maintain strong ties with large and important manufacturers, and maintain weak ties with small manufacturers and minor technology supporting enterprises. (2) For structural embeddedness, it is beneficial to improve the capability of alliance competitiveness if intermediary organizations join standard-setting alliance.