农业科研机构科技创新、空间外溢与农业经济增长

Technological Innovation of Agricultural Scientific Institutions, Spillover and Agricultural Economic Growth

摘要:

内容提要：正确认识农业科研机构科技创新及空间外溢对农业经济增长的影响,是合理配置农业科技资源的重要前提。本文利用我国30个省(市、区)1996~2013年数据,采用截面加权法和似不相关法对此进行了实证研究。研究结果表明：(1)农业科研机构科技创新对区域农业经济增长具有显著的促进作用,但该作用受空间外溢影响而削弱,同时创新呈现显著的“外溢效应”,农村人力资本能有效调节区域内外科研机构创新对农业经济增长的贡献。(2)东部地区农业科研机构科技创新对农业经济增长的贡献较中、西部地区偏小,但“外溢效应”略高于中、西部地区,表明农业科研机构科技创新出现边际生产率递减趋势,东部更具备农业科研机构科技创新空间外溢的条件。另外,东、中部地区农村人力资本的“调节效应”明显高于西部地区,反映了农村人力资本呈边际报酬递增的规律,东、中部地区提高农村人力资本的重要性和西部地区农村人力资本的匮乏。该结论对于提升农业科研机构科技创新水平,推动农业经济持续增长具有启示意义。

Abstract:

It is an important prerequisite for rational allocation of agricultural technological resources that correctly understanding the impact of the technological innovation of agricultural scientific institutions and spillover on agricultural economic growth. In this paper, data of 30 provinces (cities, districts) in China during 1996~2013 were collected. An empirical study for the topic above adopting weighted cross section method and seemingly unrelated regression was done. The research results show that: (1) the technological innovation of agricultural scientific institutions has a significant effect on promoting regional agricultural economic growth, but the effect is weakened by the spillover effects, and the innovation shows distinct spillover effects, meanwhile human capital in rural places will effectively adjust the contribution of scientific research institution innovation to agricultural economic growth. (2)The contribution of technological innovation to the agricultural economic growth in the eastern region is smaller than west and central parts, but the spillover effect is slightly higher, which indicates that the marginal productivity of technological innovation of agricultural scientific institutions is decreasing, and the eastern region is more suitable for satisfying the requirements of spillover of technological innovations from agricultural scientific institutions. In addition, the moderating effect of human capital in the East and the central region is higher than that in the western region, which reflects the increasing marginal returns of rural human capital, and the importance of improving rural human capital and the shortage of human capital in the western region. The conclusion is of significance for improving the level of technological innovation in agricultural scientific institutions as well as promoting the sustainable growth of agricultural economy.