在新经济发展时代，创新资源逐渐成为各行业的核心竞争力，而创新资源效率低下使行业陷入发展困境。本文选取2009年至2013年中国35个重点行业创新资源数据，基于数据包络分析方法（DEA）计算中国重点行业的技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率，并利用Malmquist指数测算各行业创新资源技术效率变化和进步情况，发现创新资源利用效率存在问题，为行业实现创新资源的优化配置提供思路。DEA测度结果显示，仅有3个重点行业的创新资源效率值为1，其余行业的低效原因为纯技术效率过低；M指数结果显示大部分重点行业的进步趋势一致，与中国宏观经济和科技环境密切相关。同时，新兴行业得益于先进的技术设备和人才，创新势头迅猛，创新资源利用效率高。

Innovation resources have become the core competence of industries in the new era of economic development. It has become the focus of attention how to use the innovation resources effectively to serve the development of industrial clusters in the regions, and to bring more economic and social benefits. Due to low innovation resources efficiency, many industries confronted with the bottleneck of development. Based on the methodology of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index, the concepts, as well as the approaches and models, of optimizing innovation resources efficiency for key industries in China are set up in the article. The results show that only three industries are efficient. The inefficiency of other industries is mainly due to poor technology efficiency. The M index results also show that trends of innovation resource efficiency are in accordance with that of economic environment. Emerging industries are growing rapidly with high efficiencies due to technological progress and advanced technology.

国家自然基金：区域要素禀赋差异下中国公共池塘资源配置理论与实证研究，71203153；项目：天津市科技发展战略研究计划重点项目，2014ZLZLZF00002