能源安全视域下的光伏清洁利用：国际动态与中国出路

International Trend and China’s Outlet of Clean Use of Photovoltaic Resources in the Perspective of Energy Security

摘要:

理解能源安全必须综合考虑其客观性、主观性和主体间性。从这个概念框架出发可以发现,随着美国页岩气革命深入推进,当今世界能源供应呈现出“两超多强”的新形势,资源民族主义、能源地缘政治冲突等问题频发,世界能源安全形势异常严峻。为此,主要能源消费国迫切希望建立一种在非常态下能够自给自足的可持续能源系统。太阳能光伏凭借其得天独厚的优势成为了各国能源安全战略首选。以德日美为代表的光伏大国将战略政策重点指向技术创新和市场推广,而将能耗高、污染重的生产制造环节隐秘地转移到以中国为主的发展中国家。在清洁能源需求日益增长而供给严重不足所引发的主要能源矛盾面前,中国应将光伏清洁利用上升为国家安全战略,并实施一系列有利于撬动国内光伏需求、保障光伏技术创新、加强市场监管、建设能源银行和开展战略环评的政策措施。

关键词:光伏清洁利用;能源安全;资源民族主义;智能光伏电站;能源银行;战略环评

Abstract:

Understanding energy security must consider its objectivity, subjectivity and intersubjectivity. Starting from the conceptual framework can be found, as the U.S. shale gas revolution was deepened, and today the world"s energy supply present under the new situation of "two more than strong" resource nationalism, energy geopolitical conflict problems such as frequent, the world"s energy security situation is very serious. Overall situation at present, the main energy consumer is keen to establish a self-sufficient under abnormal sustainable energy system. Solar photovoltaic, with its unique advantage has become the national energy security strategy choice. Leading photovoltaic powers represented by Germany and Japan has turned their emphases on strategies and polices to technology innovation and market promotion, and secretly transferred heavy polluting and high energy-consuming manufacturing part to developing countries mainly as China. Faced with primary resource contradictions caused by increasing need for clear resources but with severe deficiency, the clean use of photovoltaic resources should be upgraded within the national security strategies in China, along with the adoption of a series of policy measures beneficial to lever domestic photovoltaic demands, ensure the photovoltaic technology renovation, strengthen the market supervision, enhance the energy bank construction and reinforce the strategic environmental assessment.

Key words:clean use of photovoltaic resources; energy security; resource nationalism; smart photovoltaic power station; energy bank; strategic environmental assessment