中国是世界第二大经济体和主要的碳排放地区,研究中国行业的碳排放流动特征对于碳减排2020和2030目标实现具有重要的现实意义。通过构建中国碳排放行业流动网络,应用社会网络分析研究网络的度分布、聚集系数、平均最短路径长度等统计性质,以及网络结构中的个体位置、整体形态结构特征。结果显示：① 当前,中国行业间碳流动网络是具有小世界效应和无标度特性的网络。②能源生产供应业、交通运输邮政仓储业、石油加工业、化学制品业以及金属冶炼和压延加工业是碳流动网络中的发散中心,采选业、建筑业、金属制品业及设备制造业是网络中的集聚中心。③碳流动网络的密度低、通达性良好、存在着较为严格的网络等级度和行业叠加效应,且围绕中心行业呈现一定的集散性。④碳流动网络呈现出典型的核心—边缘网络结构,其核心节点突出,边缘节点明显。基于以上结论,中国制定行业减排计划时,应重视核心行业及关键行业的减排实现问题,以点带面,推动其他行业全面减排,同时发挥技术进步在改善网络性质、结构及加速行业减排中的作用。

As the secondary economy and main carbon emission source region, the carbon flows among industries has great practical value for China to realize the mitigation target in 2020 and 2030. This paper measured the carbon flows among industries with latest input output tables in China and built a carbon flows network for 25 industries in 2012 of China. Then this paper not only depicted the properties of carbon flows network, but also studied the structural characters of this network. Results are as follows: ①it was verified that the carbon flow network among 25 industries has the small world effect and scale-free properties. It is a network with small world effect and scale-free properties. ②energy production and supply sector; transportation, storage and post sector; processing of petroleum; manufacture of chemical products; smelting and pressing of metals are the main source of carbon outflows. Mining and quarrying sector, construction, metal products industry and equipment manufacturing sectors are the main centers for carbon inflows. ③The flow network has the characters of low density, higher efficiency and hierarchy. And around with the center node, other nodes showed a clustering character. ④ The carbon flows network revealed typical core periphery structure with 7 nodes as core sectors and others as the fringe sectors. Based on above conclusions, we put forward the following suggestions. When government makes a detailed industrial mitigation plan, core industries and key source inflow sectors should be paid more attention to their mitigation realization. And they will drive other industries’ mitigation. Technology progress will change the network property and structures to accelerate the carbon mitigation target realization.

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中央高校科研基金项目：“中国经济增长中的碳排放特征及对策研究”（9160613012）