科技扶贫项目管理创新研究：理念与实践

Study on Management Innovation of Science and Technology Projects for Poverty Alleviation: Conception and Practice

摘要:

分析认为,现阶段中国扶贫开发工作将着重解决贫困地区“生活好”的问题,科技助推“造血式”产业扶贫面临供给侧改革、创新创业、科技体制改革、“互联网 ”和国家五大发展新理念等利好政策机遇,科技进军脱贫攻坚主战场是历史的必然,而现有科技扶贫项目管理制度与之不相适应,改革刻不容缓。研究认为,“造产业、造人才、造服务、造机制”是科技扶贫工作的着力点,科技扶贫项目应树立“简化流程、方便基层、以人为本、注重绩效”的管理新理念,并应构建以项目分类管理、定向转移支持、经费科目“一提二放三增三减”为核心的管理新制度：提高间接费中的绩效支出比例,放开劳务费和设备费使用范围,增加基础设施维修改造费、新技术新品种引进费、租车费,取消出版文献费、国际合作费、燃料动力费。新制度框架符合国家科技体制改革的整体取向,对全国科技扶贫实践具有指导意义。

Abstract:

The main task of the current poverty alleviation in China is to make a better live for poor population, by analyzing characteristics of China’s poverty alleviation history. It is no doubt that science and technology is going to play an important role in supporting blood-making poverty alleviation in the 13th Five Year Plan of China. There are five historical opportunities existed for Poverty Alleviation by Science and Technology (PAST), including supply-side reform, innovation and entrepreneurship policy, system reform of science and technology, internet plus strategy, and the so called five developmental conceptions proposed by Chinese central government. However, the present poverty alleviation project management system is not met the needs of PAST’s role as a leading force in China’s poverty alleviation in the 13th Five Year Plan, it is thus urgent to reform this system. The goal of PAST is to create industry, talent, service, and mechanism for poor areas, according to results of this study. A new idea managing projects of PAST is proposed to simplify processes, facilitate grassroots, and pay more attention to people and performance. Under the guide of this idea, an innovative project management system of PAST is reconstructed, and its main contents are classification of project, specifically-transferred financial payment, and reform of accounting subjects. The highlights of these subjects are depicted by four aspects: 1) improve ratio of indirect expenditures; 2) ease restriction of labor and equipment costs; 3) create fees to repair and renovate infrastructures, costs for introduction of new technology and varieties, and car rental fees; 4) cancel publication fees, expenditures for international cooperation, and fuel costs for specific laboratory apparatus. The new institutional framework is in line with the overall reforming orientation of science and technology system in China, aiming at helping management of PAST projects nationwide.