从照搬到转化：地方科技进步条例修改的上海经验

From copying to detailing: experience of amending of Science and technology progress regulations in Shanghai

摘要:

当前地方科技进步条例普遍存在实施难的问题,其缘由在于：地方科技进步条例多照搬上位法的规定,这使之在规范层面缺乏可操作性的制度机制,在实证层面缺乏地方特色而失去实施的社会根基。据此,地方科技进步立法有必要从照搬上位法改变为结合地方实践转化上位法之原则性规定。转化型地方立法既有其宪法依据,同时也符合地方科技进步条例的应有属性。上海市强化了立法对社会现实、执法实践和公民诉求的回应,并将上位法的鼓励性条款转化为由职责、权利和义务等内容构成的制度机制,从而形成了转化型立法的“上海经验”。

Abstract:

It is hard to implement for almost all local science and technology progress regulations at present, the reason of which is that local science and technology progress regulations usually copy clause of upper law. This situation make local science and technology progress regulations be short of operational institutional mechanisms and does not suit local reality and lack of base to implement. local legalization on science and technology progress should change its operating methods from copying to detailing. It is constitutional to detail upper law by combing local reality, which conforms to attribute of local science and technology progress regulations. It form Shanghai experience in translational legalization that strengthening responses to local reality, law enforcement practice and r citizens appealing, and changing incentive clause in upper law into institutional mechanisms made up duties ,rights and obligations.