在对既有组织免疫研究梳理、归纳的基础上，基于复杂自适应系统理论与生物医学免疫理论中的免疫应答研 究，构建一个综合宏观能力与微观惯例演化视角的多层次分布式组织免疫应答模型，将组织应对内、外环境变化的 过程重新描述成一个同时具有惯例人工制品、组织运营惯例以及组织战略动态能力3 个层面的复杂自适应系统，自 动根据内外异己强度，在相应层面上实施非特异性应答、广泛特异性应答以及独特特异性应答的过程，并借鉴临床 医学中上述3 类免疫应答特征，对组织免疫能力与组织一般能力以及动态能力间的概念差异进行区分，最后通过组 织外部环境、员工个人能力、社会行为模式以及员工工作特征4 个控制变量的设置，阐释具体组织内外环境差异对 个别企业免疫效能的影响。

On the basis of the existing research on organization immunity, this study presents a multilayered distributed immune response model, which integrates the complex adaptive system theory and the explanation of medical biological immune theory on immune response. This model redescribes the process of organizational response to change within and outside environment as an automatic response process of the complex adaptive system to such change at three different levels, those levels includes routines artifacts, organizational operating routines and organizational strategic dynamic capability. These processes are named as non-specific, wide-specific and unique-specific responses. In addition, according to their specific medical meaning, we distinguish between general organizational capability, dynamic capability and organization immunity capability. Finally, this study also points out that the external environment of the organization, individual ability, social behavior mode and staff's job characteristics can influence the immune efficacy.

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国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国重大装备产品质量管控模式与方法研究”（12&ZD206）