德国科技创新能力评价的做法与借鉴

Reference on German Practice of Science and Technology Innovative Ability Evaluation

摘要:

德国是世界创新大国之一,已在各项高科技战略的创新政策引导下形成了由联邦政府部门、学术协会、高等教育机构、产业组织及中介部门等共同参与合作的多元化国家创新系统。德国科学委员会对科研机构绩效评价制定了总体框架,四大研究机构则在各自职责范围内对其下研究所进行有针对性的同行评价。而对国家创新系统的评价则有不同机构发布的创新能力报告,每个指标体系都对德国总体、各地方以及世界主要国家的创新能力做出分析,已达到为创新政策的制定提供参考的目的。本文认为,应根据评价对象设定评价方法,提升评价结果的国际性与综合性；兼顾评价成本与评价质量,促进评价的标准化与信息化建设；将科技创新能力评价的组织部门纳入国家创新系统中,形成联动的创新体系,使科技评价成为国家创新体系建设中的辅助性与常规性事项。

Abstract:

With High-Tech Strategy and other innovative policies, Germany has formed a national innovation system by the federal government, academic associations, higher education institutions, industry organizations and intermediaries. The Scientific Committee has developed a overall framework for evaluation of research institutions, and the four research agencies also perform institutional evaluation within their duties. Additionally, several rigorous reports are released to evaluate the national innovation system, both at home and abroad. This encourages new innovative policy making. Based on the practice of Germany, this paper concludes that methods should be set up based on the evaluation object to raise the internationalism and comprehensiveness. Both cost and quality of evaluation should be taken into account, and the standardization and informatization system should also be promoted. Last but not least, the department of evaluation should be part of the national innovation system, together with other agencies to make evaluation itself to become a routine.