工业机器人应用会倒逼一国制造业劳动力结构转型吗？

Do the Application of Industrial Robots Force a Country's Manufacturing Labor Structures Transforming?

摘要:

随着中国工业机器人投资数量增长迅猛，工业机器人应用与劳动力结构转变之间关系值得关注。本文的模型分析表明：工业机器人的技术进步会加大对工业机器人对低技能劳动力的替代，但同时会提升对中、高技能劳动力的互补性需求，进而能够促进一国的劳动力结构转型。通过对1990-2015年间22个国家或地区的经验数据分析表明，不断增长的工业机器人投入正在缓慢地促进发达国家的劳动力结构转型，其高技能劳动力比例在逐年上升，韩国等新兴经济体的表现尤为突出。本文给出了推进工业机器人应用、促进中国劳动力结构转型的具体政策建议。

Abstract:

With the rapid increase in the number of investment in China's industrial robots, the relationship between the application of industrial robots and the change of labor structure is worthy for concern. The model analysis shows that: technological progress of industrial robots will increase the industrial robots for low skilled labor, but also will enhance the complementary demand of middle and high skilled labor, and can promote the transformation of labor force structure of a country. The empirical analysis of 1990-2015 between the 22 countries or regions shows that the industrial robot is slowly promoting the transformation of labor structure in developed countries by increasing investment. The proportion of high skilled labor increased year by year, South Korea and other emerging economies is particularly prominent. In this paper, we give some policy suggestions to promote the application of industrial robots and promote the transformation of China's labor force structure.