Abstract:Due to the agricultural technology and agricultural production have the attribute of public goods and economic externalities, which determines the most of agricultural extension services could not be materialized and not suitable for compensation purchase. Therefore, the same as most countries,Sthe main driving force of China"s agricultural extension is stillSthe public welfare agricultural extension service provided by government. However, China’s agricultural extension system between different levels and departments are lack of coordination and interaction, functions division of labor are blurred and indistinct, and the institutional settings are not reasonable as well, which is the institutional hangover left by the planned economy system. This is still a profound impact on the effectiveness of agricultural popularization in our country. By learning from the United States and Japan"s agricultural extension system operating experience, combined with collaborative governance theory and organizational design principles, this paper will analyses and optimize the organization framework of China"s public welfare agricultural extension in order to provide the valuable reference for the reform and innovation of agriculture extension system of China.