农户绿色防控技术采纳的经济效应与环境效应评价*—基于陕西省猕猴桃主产区的调查

The Evaluation of Economic and Environmental Effects of Farmers

摘要:

本文基于陕西省猕猴桃主产区357户农户调查数据,建立联立方程模型实证分析了农户绿色防控技术采纳的经济效应与环境效应。研究表明：绿色防控技术具有显著的经济与环境效应,但农户采纳不同绿色防控技术手段所能实现的经济与环境效应存在明显差异。其中,人工释放天敌技术与平衡施肥技术具有显著的经济与环境效应；果园生草技术与果实套袋技术具有显著的经济效应,但环境效应不显著；杀虫灯技术具有显著的环境效应,但经济效应不显著；生物农药技术的经济效应与环境效应均不显著；化学农药仍是促进猕猴桃产量增长的重要因素,但其增产效果远小于绿色防控技术；劳动投入、户主文化程度、家庭收入结构显著正向影响农户的猕猴桃单产水平,户主农药认知水平与供应链组织模式显著负向影响农户亩均化学农药施用量。为促进绿色防控技术的顺利推广,应着力解决绿色防控技术推广过程中存在的问题,设计匹配农业技术推广方案。

Abstract:

Based on survey data from the 357 farmers in kiwi fruit main areas of Shaanxi province, we use a simultaneous equation regression model to evaluate the economic and environmental effects of farmers" IPM technology adoption behavior. The results showed that: (1)The IPM technology has the significant economic and environmental effects. However, different IPM technology measures have the obvious different economic and environmental effects. The technologies of pest enemy releasing and balanced fertilizing have the significant economic and environmental effects. The technologies of orchard grass covering and fruit bagging have the obvious economic effect. However, the environmental effect of these two technologies is not significant. The insecticidal lamp technology has the obvious environment effect. However, its economic effect is not significant. The economic and environmental effects of biological pesticide technology are not significant. (2)The chemical pesticides are still the important factor promoting the kiwifruit yields. However, its yield increasing effect is less than that of the IPM technology. (3) The farmers" labor input, education level and family income structure have the significant positive impact on the kiwifruit yields. The farmers" pesticide cognition level and the supply chain organization mode have the significant negative impact on the amount of chemical pesticides. To speed the promotion of the IPM technology, we should solve the problems in the process of IPM technology promotion and design matching agricultural technology promotion strategies.