现有的关于独立研发与合作研发关系的研究结论不一致。而我国企业目前正处于从模仿式创新向自主式创新的转型阶段，企业具有开展独立研发与合作研发的强烈需求。因此，从开放性悖论的视角出发，在分别验证独立研发和合作研发对产品创新的作用基础上，重点探究两种研发行为同时进行时对产品创新的影响，并进一步考察知识产权机制对以上关系的影响。通过对286家制造企业的实证研究，发现：（1）独立研发与合作研发都对创新有积极的影响，但两者同时进行时却对创新具有消极的影响；（2）知识产权机制有利于促进独立、合作研发对创新的积极影响，削弱同时开展两种研发时对创新的消极影响。

The existing research conclusions about the relationship between independent R&D and cooperative R&D are inconsistent. Our country’s firms are now on their transformation processfrom imitation innovation to indigenous innovation, and the firms have a strong demand to be engaged in independent R&D and cooperative R&D. Therefore, from the angle of the open paradox, this article will verify the effects of independent R&D and cooperative R&D on product innovation, and then focus on exploring the effect of working on the two kinds of R&D behavior at the same time on product innovation. Further, considering that the biggest concern under the paradox of openness is the leak of important knowledge, this article will examine the protection effect of intellectual property rights on the three kinds of R&D behavior to answer whether the intellectual property rights can solve the problem of “paradox of openness”. With an empirical study of 286 manufacturing firms, this article finds that: (1) Both independent R&D and cooperative R&D have a positive effect on innovation, but they will have a negative influence on innovation when operated at the same time; (2) Mechanisms of intellectual property rights are beneficial to promote the positive influence of the independent, cooperative R&D on innovation, and weaken the negative impact of carrying out independent R&D and cooperative R&D at the same time.

国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目）