我国转基因知识产权的保护和利用：问题与政策建议

The protection and utilization of transgenic intellectual property rights in China: problems and suggestions

摘要:

利用197家科研单位493个研究团队的调查数据，本文研究了我国科研人员对知识产权的认知、保护和利用问题。研究结果表明：科研人员对他人基因和技术知识产权的了解比例分别为72%和61%。虽然在研发过程中对78%的技术未采取规避措施，但是科研人员通过协议利用等方式合法利用他人基因和技术专利的比例分别高达88%和70%。研究发现当涉及到商业利益时，科研人员更关注对他人知识产权的了解和合法利用问题。建议政府加大对知识产权的保护和利用力度，公共科研单位应建立专门从事知识产权的管理部门，从科研立项开始就避免可能存在的知识产权纠纷，为现代生物技术产业的健康发展提供知识和技术政策保障。

Abstract:

Using the data from 493 research teams in 197 research institutes, we analyze scientists’ knowledge, protection and utilization of intellectual property. The results suggest that: the percentage of scientists’ awareness of the patent status of externally sourced genes and research tools was 72% and 61%, respectively. Although scientists didn’t circumvent 78% of research tools during their researches, the legal use of external sourced genes and research tools through protocol uses reached 88% and 70%, respectively. We also find that scientists with a strong mandate of generating genetically modified crops for commercialization had better knowledge and paid more attention to the patent status of externally sourced genes and research tools. In order to avoid potential dispute in intellectual property, the government should enhance the protection and utilization of intellectual property and establish the technology transfer office in the public research institutes.